What is the literary term for when one thing stands for another?

The literary term that describes when one thing stands for another is symbolism. It refers to the use of symbols, which are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. For instance, a dove often symbolizes peace, while a red rose can symbolize love. Symbolism enriches a narrative by adding layers of meaning, allowing readers to engage with the text on a deeper level.

This contrasts with other literary terms. Metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things, asserting that one is the other without using "like" or "as." Analogy is a comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation, often highlighting similarities to clarify a concept. Imagery, on the other hand, involves the use of descriptive language that invokes sensory experiences. While all these elements enhance writing, symbolism specifically addresses the representation aspect in literature.