What ability is characteristic of the Formal Operational Stage?

The ability that is characteristic of the Formal Operational Stage is critical thinking and hypothesizing. This stage, which is the fourth and final stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, typically begins around age 12 and continues into adulthood. During this stage, individuals develop the capacity for abstract thinking, meaning they can consider possibilities that are not tied to concrete experiences.

This allows for advanced logical reasoning, the ability to formulate hypotheses, and the skill to deduce consequences of actions or decisions through thinking. Young people in this stage can engage in systematic planning and think about hypothetical scenarios, exploring complex ideas without physical references. Thus, critical thinking and hypothesizing become key features of their cognitive capabilities, enabling them to approach problems and concepts systematically rather than relying solely on concrete realities or direct experiences.

In contrast, the other options focus on earlier stages of cognitive development or more basic skills that do not encompass the abstract reasoning and critical analysis that are hallmarks of the Formal Operational Stage.