In which level of Kohlberg's Theory does the 'Punishment/Obedience' stage belong?

The 'Punishment/Obedience' stage is classified as part of the Pre-Conventional level in Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. This stage typically characterizes the moral reasoning of children, who view morality primarily in terms of physical consequences and authority. At this stage, individuals make decisions based on the avoidance of punishment or the need to obey rules set by authority figures. The focus is on direct consequences to the self rather than social rules or the greater good.

Kohlberg categorizes moral development into three main levels: Pre-Conventional, Conventional, and Post-Conventional. The Pre-Conventional level is the most basic, where morality is shaped largely by external consequences and the understanding of right and wrong is based on individual interests. Thus, the correct identification of the stage reflects an understanding of how moral reasoning evolves as children grow.